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“人生若只如初见”

作者:柏/Cypress   发布时间:2015-06-16 10:35:24

 

 人生若只如初见
   [作者]纳兰性德

人生若只如初见,何事秋风悲画扇。
等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。
骊山语罢清宵半,泪雨零铃终不怨。
何如薄幸锦衣郎,比翼连枝当日愿。

 

试译者 柏敬泽
Oh, if only could our first meet remain a love song

Now I wouldn’t feel like an autumn-wind pitied fan, a forlorn①.
Why love and friendship are so fragile and unstable, man?
You’ve changed your heart though you got crush on me then.
The Story of the Eternal Life Palace② still touches the heart-strings,
So moving for they two③ swore to love each other with no end.
But you’ve forsaken me at one stroke, breaking my heart to pieces;
Do you remember you vowed to be my half as one of the couple swans?

 

Footnotes
  ① An autumn-pitied fan, a forlorn: This is a metaphor tinged with distinctive traditional Chinese culture. In ancient times, ladies from wealthy family and emperor’s concubines preferred to use the round-shaped fan(圆扇) to bring cool in hot summer, which was made of purely-white silk with pretty pictures painted or embroidered on it. But when the fall came and chilly wind blew, such round-shaped fan would be useless and kept in a suitcase. So, a forsaken woman would compare herself to a discarded fan in autumn and feel as if the autumn-wind would have pity on her. Liu Xiaochuo(刘孝绰), a poet in the South and North Dynasties, once wrote a poem entitled《班婕妤怨》 (The Resentment in the Heart of Ban, a Concubine with the Title Jie Yu(婕妤) conferred upon by the Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty). In this poem there is a line which reads妾身似秋扇( a concubine as I am, I feel as if I were a discarded fan in autumn.)
  ② The Story of the Eternal Life Palace: It refers to a touching love story that occurred between an emperor and his concubine. Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Yang Yuhuan fell deep in love with each other and they took the oath in the Eternal Life Palace, to the effect that they would love each other forever regardless of what fate would befall their love.
  ③ They two: It refers to Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and Yang Yuhuan with the title Gui Fei(贵妃).

 

译后余语
  1.这是一首吟诵之余让人感慨万端,潸然泪下的传世名诗,尤其是第一句人生若只如初见更是脍炙人口。世上怨偶似乎多于佳配。诗中的怨妇在初恋情人背叛誓约,遭其抛弃之后,她内心的苦楚和愤懑怨怼之情跃然纸上,但她毕竟要怀揣几分无奈来面对个人情感上的痛苦。恩格斯说过,痛苦中最高尚的、最强烈的和最个人的¡ª¡ª乃是爱情的痛苦。纳兰性德以这几句诗描写这种痛苦,的确有其独到之见,不同凡响之处。在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿为连理枝海枯石烂不变心之类的山盟海誓,举凡能真正践行的情侣,他们终生相伴相守、患难与共,即使在逆境中也不离不弃的事迹都会令人动容、感人至深的。纳兰性德通过他的诗是在表达他对人间情侣的告诫还是在抒发一种人生的况味?这是一个值得深思的问题。我们不妨施展我们的想象力去寻求答案。等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变。拙以为,此句的内容所及不仅仅限于针对男女爱情初始的信誓旦旦化作泡影,一方对另一方的不忠和离弃。其中故人的内涵可外延至人际关系。或前倨后恭或前恭后倨,以势利眼治事;或蒙恩不报或恩将仇报;或卖友求荣或卖友事敌或损友利己;或穷在闹市无人问,富在深山有远亲;或一旦富贵权势集于一身便与亲朋故旧疏离、不屑于复再过从往来,等等;不也是人际关系中常见的现象么?我们也只能以等闲变却故人心,却道故人心易变的心态应对,等闲视之,见惯不怪了。
  2.由于历史渊源、文化传统和社会背景的不同,英汉互译中常常会遇到不可译和可译性限度的问题。这个问题在中国古典诗词的英译中尤为突出,此诗的英译便可爰为显例。首先,中国古典诗词中的用典很难翻译,几近不可译。例如,纳兰性德诗中用了汉班婕妤被弃的典故,秋扇见捐喻指女子被弃,何事秋风悲画扇化用了南北朝梁刘孝绰《班婕妤怨》中的妾身似秋扇一句。纳兰性德诗中还用了唐明皇与杨玉环情投意合、相爱笃深的典故。唐明皇与杨玉环曾于七月七日夜,在骊山华清宫长生殿里盟誓,愿世世代代为夫妻,此后却因安史之乱,杨玉环被迫自缢以安抚大唐军心,先走唐明皇一步,令唐明皇日夜思念,伤心不已。白居易的《长恨歌》对唐明皇与杨玉环的爱情故事作了生动的描述,其中在天愿作比翼鸟,在地愿作连理枝也成了传世名句。纳兰性德诗中涉及典故的诗句若照字面直译,英语读者读译诗难免会感到云山雾罩,不知所云。其次,中国古典诗词中的意境意味深远隽永之美、平仄相间抑扬顿挫的音乐之美和粘合对仗的形式之美,以及中国古典诗词中的隐喻、意象和比兴等,都构成翻译的巨大障碍,成为不可译或可译有限的起因。
  3.译界前辈中有人主张,诗人译诗。这一点对当今的学人来说,也许是一种苛求。但我们至少要明白一点,诗歌翻译要力求押韵,译出来的诗要像诗。浅见以为,就中国古典诗词英译而言,除了译诗要像诗之外,更为重要的是,译者应竭尽全力去尽可能地再现原诗的意境。这就是译意译味的差别。因此,依据原诗的意境进行再创作,缀以言简意赅、表述得当的注释,不失为一种译者可取的中国古典诗词的翻译取向。要明确一点,注释工作其实也是一项学术工作。
  4.不难看出,以上本人试笔所出的译文拙劣之至。虽然是遣性之作,译来好玩的,倒也经过再三斟酌、反复推敲,但是,因为学养不济,遂以失败告终,怎么修改也无法拿出像点样子的译稿。对于译文,连我自己都感到很不满意,遑论行家里手寓目后会有什么样的批评意见了。对于译诗之艰难,我已深有体会。尽管如此,我认为,为了向世界宣传中华文化,这项吃力不讨好的工作总还得有人去做。只不过本人学力不逮,难以为之罢了。
  5.诗无达诂,译诗自然亦无定译。因此,就译者方面而言,治译诗歌便有了展示个人语言文化修养的较大空间。但是,翻译诗歌受原作的掣肘远甚于翻译其它文体的文本。在诗歌翻译领域,我们很难实现最好,只能追求更好,因为诗歌翻译难以做到无懈可击、完美无瑕,往往会留下各种各样的缺憾。这种情况在中国古典诗词的外译中,尤为突出。治译中国古典诗词外译,欲求完全之忠实,即字比句次式的忠实;想要不给批评家们留下大发议论的依据;鄙意以为,是件几乎做不到的事情。  

 

敬请翻译同道不吝批评指正!