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　　酒，贯穿中国几千年历史。觥筹交错之间，酒都承载着中国人独特的情感、礼仪与社交智慧。今天，我们精选中国外文局所属华语教学出版社出版的《中国民俗文化词典》插图本（英汉对照）中有关酒文化的部分内容，一起来看看吧。

接风酒

welcome banquet wine

　　中国酒俗，专为迎接刚从远道归来的人而摆设的酒席。接风酒主要表达人们对朋友到来的欢迎，希望朋友旅途的疲惫可以减少一些，同时给朋友去除身上的厄运。接风酒更是希望自己的朋友在以后发展得更好。接风酒、送行酒等许多形式的白酒文化，从古代一直沿用到现在。

　　A Chinese custom of preparing a banquet to greet visitors, usually from afar. A welcome or reception banquet is held to express hospitality to friends who have traveled from afar with the hope of relieving their fatigue after their long journey and wishing them success in the future. The drinking customs such as “welcome banquet” and “farewell banquet” have been observed since ancient times.

饯行酒

farewell banquet

　　中国酒俗，送别亲友时特设的酒宴。现代人重视“接风酒”，而在古代，山高水长，交通不便，每次与亲友离别，都无法预知何年何月才能再相逢，因此古人更看重“饯行酒”，“饯行酒”的场面充满了离别的悲凉和哀愁，显得庄严和肃穆；朋友离别之后高山险阻，奔波劳顿，“饯行酒”也有祝愿一帆风顺和祈祷上天保佑之意。

　　A Chinese custom of holding a special banquet to see friends and relatives off before they began a journey. People nowadays often hold welcome banquet, while in ancient times, traveling on journeys was difficult and often dangerous. When embarking on journeys, relatives and friends would not know when they would meet again. Therefore, farewell banquets were often sad occasions, and they were held in a solemn and serene atmosphere to express good wishes for a smooth journey and blessings from Heaven.

酒令

drinking game

　　宴席上流行的一种民间风俗，一般是推举一人为令官，其他人听从令官号令开展各种活动。该风俗源于西周，始是为了维持酒席秩序，后用于助酒兴、活跃酒席气氛。令官要求人们轮流说诗词、联语或猜谜等，违令者或负者被罚饮酒。

　　A Chinese custom in which one drinker at a banquet or dinner is selected to determine the entertainment activities and games of all the drinkers. The custom originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty (1100-771 BC) for the purpose of maintaining order at a banquet. Games people enjoyed at the dinner table range from riddles to recitations of poetry or couplets. Normally the losers of such games will have to drink wine.

划拳

finger-guessing game

　　中国民间饮酒时一种助兴取乐的游戏。饮酒时两人同时伸出手指并各说一个数，谁说的数目跟双方所伸手指的总数相符，谁就算赢，输的人喝酒。如果双方猜的数字都对或都不对，划拳活动继续。

　　A traditional alcohol-drinking game. Two players simultaneously stick out a certain number of fingers on one hand, and each says aloud his guess of the total number of fingers of both players. If one guesses right, the other player must drink alcohol. If both players say the correct or wrong numbers, they will continue guessing.

投壶

the game of throwing an arrow into a jug

　　古代宴饮时的一种娱乐游戏，可追溯至战国时期。古时由于宴请时射箭既不方便也不安全，于是将射箭活动改为投壶。宾客依次把箭投入壶中，以投中多少决定胜负，负者须饮酒。

　　A game played at banquets in ancient times, dating back to the Warring States Period (475-221BC). Archery was considered an essential skill in ancient times which explains why archery was so often seen during ancient rituals and games. Because it was inconvenient and sometimes dangerous for guests to shoot arrows at targets during a banquet，they would throw arrows into a jug instead as an entertaining competition. The person who threw the most arrows into the jug won, and the loser would have to drink alcohol.

敬酒

propose a toast

　　中国酒俗。敬酒又叫“劝酒”，通常要讲一些祝愿、祝福类的话，可以随时在饮酒的过程中进行。一般情况下，敬酒应以年龄大小、职位高低、宾主身份为先后顺序，先敬长者或地位高的人。一般而言，拒绝接受敬酒是对敬酒人的不敬。中国人敬酒时都希望对方多喝酒，以表示自己的敬意。中国人的好客、人与人的感情交流往往在敬酒时得到升华。

　　A Chinese custom to express good wishes and drink to one's health happiness, and success during any time of a meal. The general protocol for toasting should occur in order of age, position, and status where the host, elders, and people of higher status should always be toasted first. Chinese people believe interpersonal relationships are promoted when toasting, and hope their guests and friends drink more so they can express their hospitality and enhance their friendship.

　　编辑：慕悦